First powered flight on another planet !

Even as this pandemic ravages this planet, humans continue to make progress. On Monday the 19^th of April, 2021, NASA’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter became the first aircraft in history to make a powered, controlled flight on another planet. NASA’s Ingenuity helicopter achieved the first powered and controlled flight on another planet. Ingenuity is a small, lightweight, drone-like helicopter that was carried on the Perseverance rover. They launched from Earth together in July 2020 and landed on Mars on Feb. 19, 2021. To me, this is one of those historic moments, when the entire civilization can be proud that humanity’s quest for searching life beyond our own shores is slowly bearing fruits. Even as a vast majority of us are fighting one of the worst pandemics in recent memory, our thirst for science and the discoveries it affords us has not been extinguished. And just like that, humans can now fly on other planets!

Ingenuity’s initial flight demonstration was autonomous – piloted by onboard guidance, navigation, and control systems running algorithms developed by the team at JPL. It had to be this way, because data must be sent to and returned from the Red Planet over hundreds of millions of miles using orbiting satellites and NASA’s Deep Space Network, and hence Ingenuity cannot be flown with a joystick, and its flight was not observable from Earth in real-time. While this may sound very disappointing to sci-fi fans, this technological demonstration will help humans create new missions to Mars and other places in the solar system using not just rovers, but helicopters as well. We are informed that humans are already planning similar flying crafts to be deployed on one of the largest satellites of Saturn which is popularly called Titan. Achieving flight on another planet means that our approach to planetary exploration will change.

According to NASA Associate Administrator for Science (https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-succeeds-in-historic-first-flight) “Now, 117 years after the Wright brothers succeeded in making the first flight on our planet, NASA’s Ingenuity helicopter has succeeded in performing this amazing feat on another world,” Zurbuchen said. “While these two iconic moments in aviation history may be separated by time and 173 million miles of space, they now will forever be linked. As an homage to the two innovative bicycle makers from Dayton, this first of many airfields on other worlds will now be known as Wright Brothers Field, in recognition of the ingenuity and innovation that continue to propel exploration.”

Ingenuity’s sole mission is to demonstrate that flight on another planet is feasible. This first flight was full of unknowns. The Red Planet has a significantly lower gravity – one-third that of Earth’s – and an extremely thin atmosphere with only 1% the pressure at the surface compared to our planet. This means there are relatively few air molecules with which Ingenuity’s two 4-foot-wide (1.2-meter-wide) rotor blades can interact to achieve flight. In the early morning of April 19, Ingenuity spun up its rotors, climbed to a height of three meters where it hovered for about 30 seconds, performing a rotation while doing so, and then safely landed back on the surface of Mars. The helicopter contains unique components, as well as off-the-shelf commercial parts that were tested in deep space for the first time with this mission.

It’s incredible to see how much technology has changed in just over a century and a half. From coal-burning steam-powered engines and using whale oil to landing on other planets and flying through their thin atmosphere. What will the next century look like? Will we finally break the light speed barrier and visit nearby stars and hundreds of exoplanets that have been discovered?